Dengue fever

Dengue fever, also known as breakbone fever, is a viral infection caused by a virus spread by mosquito bites. It is currently one of the fastest spreading mosquito-borne diseases in the world. The virus is transmitted by the tiger mosquito, which breeds in places that hold water, like old car tyres, cans, buckets, and flower vases. Often these are items used in household environments. This mosquito is only active during the day and primarily in the morning and evening hours.

Where does dengue occur?

Dengue is most found in tropical regions of Asia, the Pacific islands, the Caribbean, Central and South America, and Africa. Dengue also occurs in Mexico, southern Texas and north-eastern Australia. The risk of dengue is higher in large cities compared to rural areas. Epidemics of dengue generally happen during and in the weeks after rainy seasons.

What are the symptoms of dengue?

On average, the incubation period is 5 to 7 days after the sting. The following symptoms can occur:

• Sudden rapidly rising (high) fever
• Cold chills
• Headache and pain behind the eyes
• Muscle, bone and joint pain
• Nausea and vomiting
• Sore throat, coughing
• Skin rash
• Fatigue

Can I get dengue more than once?

Yes, you can get dengue multiple times. There are four different types of the dengue virus. Once you have been infected with one type, you are protected against that specific type for life. After the first infection, you are also protected against the other three types of the dengue virus for about a year. However, if you get infected again after this period, there is a higher chance that you will become more seriously ill. With a third or subsequent infection, the symptoms are usually milder. The four different types of the dengue virus can occur in the same geographical region.

How to prevent dengue?

The best way to prevent dengue is to avoid mosquito bites. Some measures are

• Wearing long-sleeved clothing
• The use of mosquito repellents that contain DEET.
• Read more mosquito prevention methods

Dengue vaccination

There is a vaccine against dengue (Qdenga). This vaccine protects about 80% against dengue. It is particularly effective for people who have been previously infected with this virus. While a first infection is often mild, a second one can lead to serious illness. The vaccine prevents hospitalization in 95% of all infected cases and requires two doses spaced three months apart.

Vaccination is not recommended for:

• Children under 4 years old
• Pregnant women
• Women who are breastfeedingIndividuals with immune deficiencies

The Qdenga vaccine has only recently become available, so it’s not yet clear how long the protection lasts. Prevention is essential, make sure to take all mosquito prevention methods necessary so you can travel safely and well prepared.

More information

Would you like to know more about dengue? Please visit the information pages: Dengue | RIVM and LCR - Reizigersadvisering.

Make an appointment at KLM Health Services for a personal advice dengue vaccination.