Mpox

Mpox is a viral disease that primarily affects rodents but can be transmitted from animals to humans. Most individuals get the disease after contact with an infected person or animal carrying the virus. The virus can enter the body through mucous membranes (such as the mouth, nose, or eyes), as well as through sexual contact or open wounds. It can also spread via droplets from blisters or from the oral cavity. For this reason, it is recommended to keep a distance from people diagnosed with the disease. When there is no close contact, mpox does not spread rapidly.

Where does mpox occur?

Mpox is mainly found in Central and West Africa. Variants of the mpox virus are also present in other African countries. The risk of contracting mpox is very low for most travellers to Africa. Currently, there is no vaccine available in the Netherlands for travellers against mpox.

What are the symptoms?

A person infected with the mpox virus typically first suffers from fever, fatigue, headache, and muscle aches. After a few days (approximately 1-3), a rash appears, usually starting on the face. Initially, this manifests as spots, which then develop into fluid-filled bumps. As the bumps dry out, scabs form that fall off after 2-3 weeks.

How to prevent mpox?

• Avoid skin-to-skin contact (including sexual contact) with individuals who are ill or have a rash resembling mpox.

• Avoid contact with animals, in particular rodents.
• Avoid touching contaminated items such as bedding/clothing or sharing cutlery/cups, food, or drink with a person who has or may have mpox.

More information

Vaccinations are sometimes administered to individuals who may be infected with the mpox virus, for example after contact with someone diagnosed with the disease. Currently, vaccination is not required when travelling. No vaccinations are available in the Netherlands for individuals planning to travel.

Would you like to know more about mpox? Please visit the information page of the RIVM here: Mpox | RIVM.