Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib)

Hib is a disease caused by the bacterium Haemophilus influenzae type b. This bacterium can lead to various inflammations, with meningitis, pneumonia, and sepsis being the most well-known. In addition, Hib can cause inflammation of the epiglottis and the joints. Meningitis is the most severe condition caused by Hib. People who are in close contact with someone infected, such as family members, are at risk of becoming ill. Also people with a poorly functioning spleen or those without a spleen are at an increased risk, along with children who are not fully vaccinated and individuals with immune system disorders. The bacterium is typically found in the nasopharynx and spreads through the air. It can be transmitted through small droplets when a person coughs, sneezes, or speaks.

Where does Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) occur?

In 1993, the Hib vaccine was included in the National Immunisation Programme. Since then, infections caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b have become rare. The RIVM (National Institute for Public Health and the Environment) reports around 30 cases of the disease each year.

What are the symptoms?

The incubation period usually lasts two to four days. The most common symptoms are:

• Fever (38 degrees Celsius or higher)
• Headache
• Vomiting
• Drowsiness
• Fatigue
• Stiff neck
• Pneumonia (coughing, shortness of breath, mucus production, and fever)

How to prevent Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib)?

In addition to the effective Hib vaccination, there are several ways to reduce the risk of infection. If you or a family member has a cold, it is advised to use paper tissues, dispose of them after use, and afterwards wash your hands thoroughly. If paper tissues are unavailable, it is recommended to cover your mouth and nose with your elbow when coughing or sneezing. If an infection does occur and illness develops, it should be treated with antibiotics, often requiring short hospitalisation.

Children typically receive the Hib vaccine at 2, 3, 4, and 11 months of age. This is administered in combination with the DTaP and Hepatitis B vaccine (DTaP-IPV - Hib - HBV vaccination).

More information

If you would like to learn more about Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), please check out the RIVM information page here: Haemophilus influenzae type b | RIVM.