Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by bacteria. In many developing countries, it remains one of the leading causes of death. The most common form is pulmonary tuberculosis, but the bacteria can also lead to severe illness in other parts of the body.

TB is caused by the mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria. Patients with active TB can spread the disease. The bacteria are coughed up from the lungs, and others nearby can get infected by breathing in the air. Since this bacteria spreads through the air, the risk of transmission through contact with objects or food is relatively low. However, you can become infected by consuming unpasteurised milk or dairy products from infected cattle.

Where is tuberculosis found?

In many developing countries, TB continues to be one of the major causes of death. This situation is worsened by the significant rise in the number of AIDS patients, who have compromised immune systems and are therefore more vulnerable to tuberculosis. In the Netherlands, tuberculosis is rare these days.

What are the symptoms?

• Coughing
• Fatigue
• Feeling lethargic
• Weight loss
• Reduced appetite
• (Mild) fever
• Night sweats

How to prevent tuberculosis

If you plan to stay in a country where tuberculosis is prevalent for three months or longer, it is advisable to get the BCG vaccine. This vaccination is recommended only if you have never been infected with TB and have not previously received the BCG vaccine. While it does not eliminate the risk of tuberculosis, it protects against severe consequences of the disease and improves survival chances.

More information

If you would like to know more about tuberculosis, please visit the RIVM information page here: Tuberculosis | RIVM.