Meningococcal disease

Meningococcal disease is a serious bacterial infection. The bacteria are commonly found in the nasopharynx of healthy individuals. The transmission happens through droplets from the nasopharynx, for example, by speaking or sneezing, or through direct contact such as kissing. The disease can sometimes progress very quickly and lead to blood poisoning (sepsis) and/or meningitis (meningitis).

Where is meningococcal disease found?

Meningococcal disease occurs worldwide. The types of bacteria that cause meningococcal disease can vary by region. Generally, the following types are found in each continent:

• Africa: In particular, the so-called "meningitis belt" in Sub-Saharan Africa (from Senegal to Ethiopia) often sees the presence of serogroup A. Serogroups W, X, and C are also found here.
• Europe: Serogroups B and C are the most common, with an increasing prevalence of serogroup W.
• North America: Serogroups B, C, and Y dominate in this region.
• South America: Serogroups B and C are the most prevalent here.
• Asia: Various parts of Asia are home to serogroups A, B, and C.
• Australia: Serogroups B and C are the most common, with a rising prevalence of serogroup W.

What are the symptoms?

The initial symptoms can appear within two to ten days after infection and may include:

• Common cold
• Malaise
• Fever
• Stiff neck
• Vomiting
• Drowsiness
• Small red spots on the skin that do not fade when applying pressure

How can you prevent meningococcal disease?

You can lower your risk of meningitis by following some simple preventive measures, such as washing your hands regularly, keeping good hygiene, avoiding close contact with sick individuals, and living a healthy lifestyle.

Effective vaccines are available to protect against meningococcal disease. The National Immunisation Programme offers the meningococcal (ACWY) vaccination free of charge to children at the age of 14 months and again at 14 years.

At KLM Health Services, you can get vaccinated against 4 types of meningococci (ACWY) for a fee. Whether you should get vaccinated depends on where you're going, how long you'll be there, and your living conditions.

Additionally, for those undertaking the Hajj or Umrah (pilgrimage to Mecca), this vaccine must have been given no more than 5 years ago and 10 days before arriving in Saudi Arabia. Please note: we do not have a vaccination for meningococcal B.

More information

If you want to learn more about meningococcal disease, please check out the RIVM information page here: Meningococcal disease | RIVM.