Schistosomiasis

Schistosomiasis, also known as Bilharzia, is caused by a parasite that thrives in fresh surface water sources such as lakes, rivers, and streams in certain subtropical and tropical regions. The larvae of this parasite can penetrate the skin and travel through the bloodstream to the intestines or bladder, where they mature into adult worms that produce eggs. It is these eggs that can lead to various health issues. You may become infected if you come into contact with fresh surface water that is contaminated with the parasite. This can happen through activities like swimming, washing or dipping your toes in infected water. However, seawater and chlorinated water in swimming pools are safe, as the parasite is not found in these environments.

Where is schistosomiasis found?

The disease is prevalent in many tropical and subtropical regions, including parts of Africa, Central and South America, and the Middle East and Asia. Within these countries, schistosomiasis may occur in specific areas, while other regions may be free of the disease. Our travel nurses at the Travel Clinic are happy to provide you with personalised travel advice during your appointment.

What are the symptoms?

• Immediately after swimming: You may experience itching and a rash due to the larvae penetrating your skin.
• Two to six weeks after exposure: Symptoms may include fever, chills, muscle aches, cough, and general malaise.
• If left untreated: Serious complications can develop.

How to prevent schistosomiasis?

Currently, there is no vaccine available for schistosomiasis. The best way to protect yourself is to avoid contact with potentially contaminated fresh surface water. Before travelling, check if there is a risk for schistosomiasis in the area you plan to visit. If, after your trip, you suspect you may have been exposed, consult a doctor for further evaluation.

More information

If you would like to know more about schistosomiasis, please visit the RIVM information page here: Schistosomiasis | RIVM.