Viral meningitis

Viral meningitis is caused by a virus. When you develop this disease, it leads to inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord. Meningitis occurs regularly in the Netherlands. Viral meningitis is not the same as meningococcal disease. Meningococcal disease is caused by bacteria, while viral meningitis is always caused by a virus.

The virus that causes meningitis lives in the throat of an infected person. When they cough or sneeze, tiny droplets are released into the air, which can infect others. The virus is also present in the stool of an infected person, that's why faeces can be infectious. Additionally, people can spread the virus via their hands or by touching contaminated objects.

Where does viral meningitis occur?

Viral meningitis occurs worldwide. In the Netherlands, people still contract the virus that causes meningitis every year.

What are the symptoms?

The time it takes for someone to become ill after being infected depends on the type of virus. This usually takes one to two weeks. Common symptoms include:

• Fever
• Muscle pain
• Gastrointestinal issues
• Coughing
• Headache
• Vomiting
• Sensitivity to light
• Neck pain when bending the head

How to prevent viral meningitis?

There are no medications or vaccines available to prevent viral meningitis. Therefore, it is important to maintain good general hygiene. Pay attention to your health, especially if you have been in contact with someone who has viral meningitis.

Wash your hands thoroughly and ensure that toilets are clean. If you have a cold, it is essential to practice cold hygiene measures. This includes coughing and sneezing into your elbow, using tissues only once, and keeping newborn babies away from people who are coughing or sneezing.

More information

Would you like to know more about viral meningitis? Please visit the RIVM information page: Viral meningitis | RIVM.