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Influenza A

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Influenza A

Influenza A virus subtype H1N1 (A/H1N1), also known as swine flu or Mexican flu, is a type of flu that led to a pandemic in 2009. Today, the terms swine flu and Mexican flu are rarely used, and Influenza A/H1N1 is regarded as a regular flu virus. The H1N1 subtype first appeared in Mexico in 2009 and quickly spread to the United States and other countries. In June of that year, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared it a pandemic. In the Netherlands, several people died from Influenza A in 2009, but mortality from flu occurs every winter, particularly among at-risk groups: the elderly and those with chronic illnesses. The pandemic officially ended in August 2010. It has since been revealed that pigs and pork played a minimal role in the spread of what was called swine flu. Influenza A/H1N1 spreads like regular flu. In many cases, the infection is transmitted from one person to another through coughing or sneezing. Additionally, the virus can be spread via hands and direct contact.

Where does Influenza A occur?

Influenza A is found worldwide. There are various types of influenza viruses that can cause swine flu. In the Netherlands, outbreaks of flu among pigs occur regularly. Some influenza viruses can transfer from pigs to humans; however, this is uncommon and usually only observed in people who have frequent contact with pigs.

What are the symptoms?

In most cases, Influenza A presents like regular flu, and the symptoms are generally mild. The incubation period varies from one day to a week. Common symptoms include:

  • Fever
  • Runny nose
  • Muscle pain
  • Sore throat
  • Coughing

How to prevent Influenza A?

During the pandemic, a vaccine was developed. Once the virus was no longer considered a pandemic, it was decided that vaccinations would only be given to vulnerable groups, such as the elderly. The annual flu shot for these individuals should also provide protection against Influenza A. Therefore, if you are travelling, you do not need a specific vaccination against Influenza A.

Personal hygiene is crucial in stopping the spread of the virus. The main hygienic measures are: washing hands regularly, using disposable tissues, and keeping your home clean and well-ventilated. The illness can be treated with antiviral medications such as Tamiflu and Relenza, but this is generally only used to treat vulnerable groups.

More information

If you would like to learn more about Influenza A, please check out the RIVM information page here: Influenza A | RIVM.

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